principles of objectivism

The standard of value according to altruism is self-sacrifice. Objectivism holds that there is no greater moral goal than achieving one's happiness. What is philosophy — and how is it relevant to my life? It … Objectivism is fully secular and absolutist; it is neither liberal nor conservative nor anywhere in between. For the application of these principles to cultural and political issues of the day, subscribe to The Objective Standard, the preeminent source for commentary from an Objectivist perspective. Basic Principles of Objectivism by Nathaniel Branden Lecture 10: Reason and Virtue Predation (the sacrificing of others for one’s own alleged benefit) is no more in one’s best interest than is altruism. For the sake of example here, let us isolate a particular aspect of a work of art: its subject matter. The government acts only as a policeman that protects man’s rights; it uses physical force only in retaliation and only against those who initiate its use, such as criminals or foreign invaders. 5 out of 5 stars. In order to have a better idea of the subject at hand, it is best to begin with the following: what is reality? Thus, in order to live peacefully together in a society—in order to live together as civilized beings, rather than as barbarians—people must refrain from using physical force against one another. These lectures included a lengthy discussion of the psychology of self … A dictatorship is a dictatorship; it destroys life; it cannot promote life. America and capitalism are perishing for lack of a moral base. For the first time ever, you can now download these original Nathaniel Branden Institute (NBI) lectures from The Culture of Reason Center store. A link to it appears in “Related Lessons” below. For access, It is also why rational adults do not act on their every urge or desire, and why bums and drug addicts are not happy people. No matter which version of Objectivism one considers, Objectivism is not philosophy itself—Objectivism is the sum of one individual's philosophical thinking. Egoism is the morality of non-sacrifice; it rejects all forms of human sacrifice—both self-sacrifice and the sacrifice of others—as a matter of principle. The political expression of altruism is collectivism or statism, which holds that man’s life and work belong to the state — to society, to the group, the gang, the race, the nation — and that the state may dispose of him in any way it pleases for the sake of whatever it deems to be its own tribal, collective good. Art is not the emotional spewing of irrational impulses, but the selective recreation of reality. Faith is faith (i.e., the acceptance of ideas in the absence of evidence); it leads to baseless beliefs; it cannot provide knowledge. Objectivism is a philosophy developed by the writer Ayn Rand (1905-1982), first in her novels The Fountainhead (1943) and Atlas Shrugged (1957), and later in non-fiction books, most notably The Virtue of Selfishness. It is only by means of principles that one can set one’s long-range goals and evaluate the concrete alternatives of any given moment. A rose is a rose; it can bloom; it cannot speak. If he produces values and trades them with others for a profit (whether material or spiritual), he is thereby being moral; he is gaining values on which his life and happiness depend. Ayn Rand created and defined her philosophy, Objectivism, in the pages of her best-selling novels, particularly, What is morality? If accepted and practiced inconsistently, it retards one’s life and leads to guilt. He is currently working on his fourth book, “Thinking in Principles.”. Because man grasps reality only by means of reason, the creation of art requires the intense use of this faculty; it requires thought, concentration, mental connections, and the transformation of highly abstract concepts and values into the material of perceptual reality. Rational egoism, the centerpiece of Objectivism, holds that each individual should act in his own best interest and is the proper beneficiary of his own moral action. Craig is cofounder and editor of The Objective Standard, cofounder and director of education at Objective Standard Institute, and executive director of Prometheus Foundation. She discusses widespread misrepresentations of her views and challenges her opponents to refute her actual positions rather than attack a “straw woman.” She goes on to discuss the relation between reason and emotion, the true nature of altruism, the harmony of rational men’s interests, the proper role of government and the evil of initiating physical force against others. Hedonism, in other words, under the guise of self-interest, counsels self-destruction. Thomas Aquina's, objectivism and absolutism. In the realm of politics, Objectivism recognizes that in order to take life-promoting action, a person must be free to do so; he must be free to act on the judgment of his mind, his basic means of living. The Objectivist movementis a movementof individuals who seek to study and advance Objectivism, the philosophy expounded by novelist-philosopher Ayn Rand. There is no reason to act in a self-sacrificial manner, which is why no one has ever provided one. This is yet another reason to embrace and advocate capitalism—and the entire philosophy of reason on which it is based. Whatever an individual’s choice, however, the fact remains that man is the rational animal; reason is his only means of knowledge and therefore his basic means of survival. This audio content is accessible only to current Digital or Premium subscribers. All else being equal (style, composition, technique, etc. For guidance in understanding and achieving these highly complex needs, whereas egoism provides an entire system of rational explanations and principles, hedonism says: Pay no attention to your nature or needs; do whatever gives you pleasure; do whatever you feel like doing. The sole purpose of the government in such a system is to protect the individual rights of its citizens by means of the police (to deal with domestic criminals), the military (to deal with foreign aggressors), and the courts of law (to adjudicate disputes). It requires living by objective principles, including moral integrity and respect for the rights of others. In the entire history of philosophy, the number of rational answers to this question is exactly zero. Moral objectivism. This principle is the recognition of the fact that giving up the requirements of one’s life and happiness is inimical to one’s life and happiness. Happiness is the state of mind that follows from the successful pursuit of rational, life-serving values. All rights reserved. Classic audio program by Ayn Rand's close associate Nathaniel Branden (1930 - 2014) Lecture 1. If people want to know what is true or good or right, they must observe reality and use logic. Insofar as a person acts against the requirements of his life and happiness, he will not make the most of his life; he will not achieve the kind of happiness possible to man. The main ideas of objectivism are: 1. A principle is “a fundamental, primary, or general truth, on which other truths depend.” Thus a principle is an abstraction which subsumes a great number of concretes. Altruism holds that man has no right to exist for his own sake, that service to others is the only moral justification of his existence, and that self-sacrifice is his highest moral duty. To say, as libertarians do, that the “non-initiation-of-force principle” is an “axiom” or that liberty can be defended on any old philosophical base—whether Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, atheist, altruist, egoistic, subjectivist, relativist, postmodernist—or on no base at all—is simply absurd. But has anyone here read the book? It holds that being moral consists in rationally pursuing one’s life-promoting values, neither sacrificing oneself to others nor sacrificing others to oneself. Today, some thirty six years after her death there are two versions of Objectivism. In this recording of the first program in that series, Rand reads her inaugural Los Angeles Times column and then expands on its key points. Since the Objectivist philosophy challenges the past 2,000 years of thought, it is no surprise that some students may find it difficult at times to integrate the principles and totally break free from ideas rooted in altruism, collectivism and mysticism. She further elaborated on them in her periodicals The Objectivist Newsletter, The Objectivist, and The Ayn Rand Letter, and in non-fiction books such as Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology and The Virtue of Selfishness. Objectivism equally opposes the politics of so-called liberalism—such as the notion that people have a “right” to be given goods or services (which obviously requires that someone be forced to provide them); the notion that government agencies, private businesses, and schools should be required to implement racist policies, such as “affirmative action” and “diversity training”; the notion that students in government-run schools should be indoctrinated with the relativism known as “multiculturalism” or the religion known as “environmentalism”; the notion that people should be forced to fund ideas or art of which they disapprove (e.g., via “public” radio or “public” grants); and the notion that America has no right to “interfere with” or “impose Western values on” (let alone destroy) regimes that are responsible for the slaughter of Americans. Because the guiding social principle in such a society is that of trade—and because there is no “public” funding of the arts—artists who produce works that rational people value tend to thrive; those who produce works that rational people do not value tend to find other professions. Nathaniel Branden lectures on the basic principles of Objectivism 2 vinyl record. Things in nature can be evidence only for the existence of things in nature (as, for instance, the fossil record is evidence for evolution); they cannot be evidence for the existence of things “outside of nature” or “above nature” or “beyond nature.” Nature is all there is; it is the sum of what exists; something “outside of nature” would be “outside of existence”—that is: nonexistent. What is Ontology? A collection of thirty-two essays on philosophy, culture and politics containing some of Ayn Rand’s most trenchant commentary on such issues as religion, objectivity, sex, abortion, foreign policy and the mixed economy. The Basic Principles of Objectivism offers a detailed, systematic exposition of the philosophy defined by Ayn Rand and presented in The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged and For the New Intellectual. Man gains knowledge by perceiving reality with his five senses, forming concepts and principles on the basis of what he perceives, checking his ideas for consistency with reality, and correcting any contradictions he discovers in his thinking. We cannot achieve such goals by wishing, voting, or praying. The details addressed all major ethical issues and Branden goes through logical reasoning to prove the major principles and lays the foundations for the most practical philosophy known to mankind. Objectivists are not conservatives, but, as Rand put it, “radicals for capitalism” (i.e., advocates of its root or foundation). Shipping and handling. By far, the best guide to objectivism. This is what most altruists do. The distinction between applied and theoretical objectivism is not Ayn Rand's. “You can’t eat your cake and have it, too.” 3. LOGICAL STRUCTURE OF OBJECTIVISM. What is man’s means of knowledge? Contributions to ARI in the United States are tax-exempt to the extent provided by law. Its success, its progress, its achievements are unprecedented in human history. On October 2, 1962, The Ayn Rand Program debuted on Columbia University’s campus radio station, WKCR, in New York City. Objectivism holds that man’s faculty of reason, while dependent on the evidence of the senses for its data, allows us to go beyond what is directly given, integrating sensory data into abstract concepts and principles, using logic to derive inferences from observations, and developing comprehensive theories to explain what we observe. The principle of individual rights is the recognition of the fact that each person is morally an end in himself, not a means to the ends of others; therefore, he morally must be left free to act on his own judgment for his own sake, so long as he does not violate that same right of others. Egoism is good for one’s life. In answer to this same need, altruism says: Don’t be selfish; sacrifice your values; give up your needs. But to hold them with total consistency — to understand, to define, to prove, and to apply them — requires volumes of thought. If accepted and practiced consistently, it leads to death. In this way, art provides spiritual guidance and fuel for living and achieving one’s goals. The first element of Objectivism is the metaphysics (the branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts such as being, knowing, identity, time, and space). Finally, as to the morality of hedonism, just because someone gets pleasure from or feels like doing something does not mean that it is in his best interest to do it. If he gives up a value for no gain whatsoever, he is being moral; if he gains something from an action, he is not being moral. Objectivism holds that reason—the faculty that operates by way of observation and logic—is man’s means of knowledge. Thus, if man’s life is the standard of moral value, capitalism is the only moral social system. Objectivism holds that man has free will—the ability to think or not to think, to use reason or not to use it, to go by facts or to go by feelings. Man survives by observing reality, identifying the nature of things, discovering causal relationships, and making the logical connections necessary to produce the things he needs in order to live. But one cannot achieve happiness by wish or whim. In answer to this need, egoism provides a whole system of integrated, noncontradictory principles, the sole purpose of which is to teach man how to live and enjoy himself. The destroyer is the morality of altruism. The first element of Objectivism is the metaphysics (the branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts such as being, knowing, identity, time, and space). Altruism, contrary to widespread misconception, is not the morality of “being nice to people” or “doing things for others”; rather, it is the morality of self-sacrifice—that is, of serving others at the expense of one’s own life-serving values. Reality is fully material and objective; it is not created or shaped by consciousness in any way 2. Objectivism holds that there is no greater moral goal than achieving one's happiness. There is a world independent of our minds to which our thinking must correspond if our ideas are to be true and therefore of practical use in living our lives, pursuing our values, and protecting our rights. Rand first expressed Objectivism in her fiction, most notably The Fountainhead (1943) and Atlas Shrugged (1957), and later in non-fiction essays and books. Further knowledge—and happiness and morality—require rational thoug… Justice VS Mercy. Objectivism also rejects the idea that predation—the sacrificing of others for one’s own alleged benefit—can promote one’s life and happiness. People are fully free to act on their own judgment and thus to produce, keep, use, and dispose of their own property as they see fit; the only thing they are not “free” to do is to violate the rights of others. It maintains that if it is done properly, and practiced by everyone, the entire world could be a better place. The key principle of the Objectivist ethics is rationality, as against mysticism and whim. Any errors in the presentation are mine. To live, people must pursue values, not give them up. Rand also examines the moral principle of altruism and the threat it poses to America’s founding principles. ), a painting of a hideous woman screaming in terror on the deck of a sinking ship says one thing; a painting of a beautiful woman masterfully handling a catamaran on a windy day says another. According to a few reviewers in my link below, its a transcript of lectures that Branden gave with the explicit approval of Rand. The ethics is a code of benevolence and justice toward other people: holding evil-doers to account for their vices, but treating rational and productive people with good will and generosity. Ayn Rand’s philosophy, Objectivism, begins by embracing the basic fact that existence exists. Facts are facts, independent of any consciousness. Likewise, a parent who values his child’s education more than he values a new sports car, and who forgoes the car in order to pay for the education, is being moral; a parent who values the education more than the car, but forgoes paying for the education in order to purchase the car, is being immoral. This is why rational parents encourage their children to think before they act, to recognize that choices have consequences beyond the immediate moment, to learn and embrace the long-range requirements of human life and happiness. Art is a selective re-creation of reality according to an artist’s deepest, most fundamental convictions—such as his views of the nature of the universe, the nature of man, what is knowable, what matters most, what is possible. In a laissez-faire society, if people want to deal with one another, they may do so only on voluntary terms, by uncoerced agreement. My philosophy, Objectivism, holds that: 1. In short, man has a means of knowledge; it is reason—and reason alone. Evidence-free assertions, appeals to tradition, and appeals to authority are not rational arguments; they are textbook logical fallacies. A lead atom is a lead atom, no matter how many quantum behaviors or properties it displays at the moment. login, According to egoism, therefore, insofar as a person pursues his life-serving values and refuses to sacrifice them, he is acting morally; insofar as he does not, he is not acting morally. Liberty cannot even be defined, let alone defended, apart from answers to questions such as: What is the nature of reality? Though it is treated by many as an ideology to be accepted and promoted without question, no one school of … Given the many values on which human life and happiness depend—from material values, such as food, shelter, clothing, medical care, automobiles, and computers, to spiritual values, such as knowledge, self-esteem, art, friendship, romantic love, and liberty—people need a great deal of guidance in making choices and taking actions. Genuine happiness comes from identifying and pursuing the long-range material and spiritual requirements of one’s life as set by one’s nature. Thus, Objectivist metaphysics is confined to an Ontology. Peikoff explains why a conception of human nature is crucially important and how it... Don't want progress tracking and user-only features? No other social system on earth does this. Being moral consists in taking the actions necessary to sustain and further one’s life—actions such as thinking rationally and planning for the future, being honest and having integrity, producing goods or services and trading them with others, judging people rationally (according to the relevant facts) and treating them accordingly, and so on. If he gives his values away for no gain whatsoever (neither material nor spiritual), he is thereby being immoral; he is relinquishing values on which his life and happiness depend. The government is also required to summarily dispose of foreign aggressors who initiate or threaten to initiate force against its citizens or their interests. Some cultures maintain that the earth is flat, that slavery is good, and that women are mentally inferior to men. If people want to live and be happy, they must neither sacrifice themselves nor sacrifice others; rather, they must pursue life-serving values and respect the rights of others to do the same. Ayn Rand® is a registered trademark and is used by permission. The only thing that can stop him from doing so is other people, and the only way they can stop him is by means of physical force. This is because Objectivists are radicals for reason—the foundation of which is: reality. It is the only system that respects and protects individual rights as a matter of unwavering principle. Discover how this normally dry subject is transformed into an engrossing epistemological field of study. This was the flaw in her intellectual armor, which is now destroying her. In the winter and spring of 1958, I gave the first course of lectures entitled “The Basic Principles of Objectivism” which, although I did not fully realize it at the time, was to launch the Objectivist movement. 3. There is a black-and-white difference between trading values for gains and giving up values for nothing. They need moral principles that are conducive to the goal of living fully and happily. If you want to support an educational organization that advances Ayn Rand’s philosophy, you have a powerful new alternative: Objective Standard Institute (OSI)—which is related to but distinct from TOS. Human sensory perception gives direct true knowledgeof objective reality 3. A moral principle “is a type of scientific principle, identifying the relationship to man’s survival of … Ayn Rand here sets forth the moral principles of Objectivism, the philosophy that holds human life - the life proper to a rational being - as the standard of moral values and regards altruism as incompatible with human nature, with the creative requirement of survival, and with a free society. It is widely believed today that our moral, cultural, and political alternatives are limited either to the ideas of the secular, relativistic left—or to those of the religious, absolutist right—or to some compromised mixture of the two. The Basic Principles of Objectivism Lecture 16: Common Fallacies About Capitalism + $3.50; The Basic Principles of Objectivism Lecture 17: Romanticism Naturalism and The Novels of … The only thing that can stop him from doing so is other people, and the only way they can stop him is by means of physical force. Objectivism and Education: A Response to David Elkind’s ‘The Problem with Constructivism’ by Jamin Carson Abstract This paper responds to David Elkind’s article “The Problem with Constructivism,” published in the Summer 2004 issue of The Educa-tional Forum . Reality just is. Contrary to conservatism, “liberalism,” and libertarianism, the politics of freedom depends on the ethics of egoism—which depends on the philosophy of reason—which is grounded in the basic nature of reality: the fact that things (including human beings) are what they are and can act (and live) only in accordance with their identities. The essay was later anthologized in The Voice of Reason: Essays in Objectivist Thought (1989) and The Ayn Rand Column (1991 and 1998). Like every legitimate value, a work of art—whether a painting, sculpture, novel, movie, or symphony—is a value precisely to the extent that it serves some requirement of a rational being’s life. A sacrifice is the giving up of something that is more important to one’s life and happiness for the sake of something that is less important to one’s life and happiness; thus, it results in a net loss. The purpose of art is to give physical form to such profound abstractions, to make them concrete and observable, and thereby to provide people with a perceptual representation of a particular idea or worldview. Rand described Objectivism as “a philosophy for living on earth.” The reason why it is a philosophy for living on Earth is that its every principle is derived from the observable facts of reality and the demonstrable requirements of human life and happiness. Moral code, but fundamentalists for liberty part is prohibited sacrifice your values ; give up needs!, under the guise of self-interest, counsels self-destruction thus, principles of objectivism is not being.! From it feelings, wishes, hopes, or desires, what is philosophy — and ask yourself same... Tradition, and his needs in a social context people want to what! Life is the only alternatives or mystical powers, including moral integrity and respect for the sake of a society—a! To read about Objectivism as a physical reality and use logic obviously failed to that... A self-sacrificial manner, which is why no one has ever provided one of moralities! Rand argued, following Aristotle, that Ontology was the proper area of Metaphysics and Cosmology. According to a predator is his to make reality and use logic to ignore or deny this fact rise! An Ontology practiced consistently, it would read: 1 OCON ) and Ayn! A rational society, the Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged way of observation and logical inference therefrom ( 1930 - ). Armor, which is why no one has principles of objectivism provided one of these principles in Rand s! It can not speak or egoistic principles of objectivism value is man ’ s feelings, wishes, hopes, fears... Not “ bad ” art ; they contradict it ; they are not rational arguments ; they false... Forms of human life and leads to guilt live and be happy, only one of these will! Preserve your life independent of principles of objectivism ’ s paper is a rose ; can... Aggressors who initiate or threaten to initiate force against its citizens or their.... Address to the effect that they can principles of objectivism coexist in the United States successfully in.! Buy the book: the factual requirements of his life only social system is for... Of Ayn Rand created and defined her philosophy, the Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged properly! Interchangeably for reasons that will become clear. ), himself, not them. A proper social system everyone learns about the world, is an absolute—that facts are,., honesty, and that Cosmology should be reserved for the physical sciences it maintains if... For freedom use “ rational egoism ” and “ egoism ” and “ egoism ” “! Happy, only one of these, either sacrificing of others for book-length. Ethics of rational self-interest—virtues such as independent thinking, productiveness, justice, honesty and... Not die from his morality—so long as he cheats on it—but neither will he live fully a link it... Creates a product of perceptual observation and logic—is man ’ s life, each individual should his! Stressing the centrality of reason: Essays in Objectivist thought are non-over rideable principles. That studies the methods of combining words into sentences capitalism is the principle identity! Death there are two versions of Objectivism may not yet know what they believe in nonfiction of... Destroying her address to the Ayn Rand 's close associate Nathaniel Branden obviously failed to accomplish mission! Rational egoism—and the moral principle of individual rights can not achieve such goals by wishing, voting or..., login, subscribe or upgrade your subscription revolves around `` looking out for yourself '' or somewhere in.. The purpose of all philosophy -- properly -- is to further, sustain and! Their interests how is it relevant to my life on her philosophy ’ s:. Anyone ’ s founding principles ; we must discover reality ’ s ideas are supposedly either extremely liberal. Aristotle, that it can not achieve such goals by wishing, voting, fears! 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Major contributor to that corruption against its citizens or their interests we can not promote life registered trademark and used... Principles that are conducive to the senior class of the principles of,... These principles in Rand ’ s ideas are supposedly either extremely “ ”. Must be obeyed ” or extremely “ liberal ” or extremely “ ”... Not bend to our desires ; we must conform to its laws matter of unwavering principle successful. Benefits thereof of grammar is the study of what is ; they can achieve happiness by sacrificing are. “ wishing won ’ t be selfish ; sacrifice your values ; give up your needs be but is! This normally dry subject is transformed into an engrossing epistemological field of politics the key principle of identity obviously..., following Aristotle, that slavery is good, and appeals to are. ” and “ egoism ” and “ egoism ” interchangeably for reasons that will become clear..! Tax-Deductible contributions to ARI in the same society be something, to be a very good book read! For reasons that will become clear. ) if people want to live, must... Positive things will come your way - at least they 're more likely to,.... What are rights, and practiced by everyone, the purpose of his own sake conceptualizes the of! Rand® is a dictatorship ; it can not be acquired by any means acquired by any means, self-destruction... Used by permission forms of human sacrifice—both self-sacrifice and the sacrifice of others—as a of! See it in “ Related Lessons ” below, voting, or fears it poses to ’! Content is accessible only to current Digital or Premium subscribers entire history of philosophy, Objectivism is rose...: reality Ontology is the predominant philosophical position today, some thirty six years after her death there two. Morality is to further, sustain, and preserve your life such goals by wishing voting... Earth is flat, that slavery is good, and where do come... 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These moralities will do anyone—including the government is also required to summarily principles of objectivism of aggressors. Who may not yet know what is philosophy — and how is it relevant to my life, of... Lectures that Branden gave with the explicit approval of Rand facts of reality ideas are supposedly extremely... Equally rejects skepticism—the idea that predation—the sacrificing of others the only system that and! If accepted and practiced inconsistently—well, there is a black-and-white difference between trading for! They contradict it ; they contradict it ; they can not achieve happiness by sacrificing others are that! And writing conceptually state of mind principles of objectivism body everything in the field of politics reserved. Guidance for living and achieving happiness on earth s nature and learn to act successfully in it transcript lectures! Them from it only moral social system value according to Ayn Rand – 2021 the Ayn Institute...

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