When the English Civil War broke out, London’s economy was diverse and dynamic, closely connected through commercial networks with the rest of England and with Europe, Asia and North America. [22] Against this backdrop, and according to advice from the Magnum Concilium (the House of Lords, but without the Commons, so not a Parliament), Charles finally bowed to pressure and summoned another English Parliament in November 1640. An English Civil War novel from a highly-acclaimed author - London, 1647. Those who still supported Charles's place on the throne, such as the army leader and moderate Fairfax, tried again to negotiate with him. [59] Rumors circulated that the King supported the Irish, and Puritan members of the Commons soon started murmuring that this exemplified the fate that Charles had in store for them all. [99] Subsequent fighting around Newbury (27 October 1644), though tactically indecisive, strategically gave another check to Parliament. On 20 May the Scottish Parliament sentenced him to death and had him hanged the next day. [97] Cromwell's conduct in the battle proved decisive,[98] and showed his potential as a political and as an important military leader. [168] [56] All remaining forms of taxation were legalised and regulated by the Tonnage and Poundage Act. By 1647 the Royalist threat had receded and Parliament had them demolished. [70] At the time, Charles had with him about 2,000 cavalry and a small number of Yorkshire infantrymen, and using the archaic system of a Commission of Array,[71] his supporters started to build a larger army around the standard. Lucy Wentor, a young lady who was attacked by soldiers during the civil war, and then rejected by her sweetheart, hopes to start her life afresh in the capital with her uncle and aunt. For example, imposed drainage schemes in The Fens disrupted the livelihood of thousands after the King awarded a number of drainage contracts. [51] Strafford was beheaded two days later. [44], All this put Charles in a desperate financial state. By the end of August, disease and a shortage of supplies had reduced his army, and he had to order a retreat towards his base at Dunbar. Forces loyal to Parliament[108] put down most of those in England after little more than a skirmish, but uprisings in Kent, Essex and Cumberland, the rebellion in Wales, and the Scottish invasion involved pitched battles and prolonged sieges. [119] Fairfax, a constitutional monarchist and moderate, declined to have anything to do with the trial. [93] Other forces won the Battle of Winceby,[94] giving them control of Lincoln. London’s Non-Free Museums: Your Guide to London’s Museums That Charge Admission, Trip Planning: Top 10 Exhibitions To Plan Your 2018 Trips to London Around. The Impact of the English Civil War on the Economy of London, 1642-50 is an important book for scholars interested in the English Civil War or seventeenth-century London. 1603-1660: A chronology of events charting the lead up to the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell's time in power, and the eventual Restoration of the monarchy 1603 1640 1640 1660 Here's an interesting read: a transcript of the revised version of Barry Coward's presidential lecture given at the Historical Association’s Annual Conference at the Museum of Childhood on 12 April 2008 (a shorter version was given to the Friends of Senate House Library on 7 March 2005). All in all, the conflicts lasted from 1642 until the last of Charles’ supporters were defeated in 1651. The war was between those who supported Parliament and those who supported the King. 1. At the end of the trial the 59 Commissioners (judges) found Charles I guilty of high treason as a "tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy". 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