principles of objectivism

Given the many values on which human life and happiness depend—from material values, such as food, shelter, clothing, medical care, automobiles, and computers, to spiritual values, such as knowledge, self-esteem, art, friendship, romantic love, and liberty—people need a great deal of guidance in making choices and taking actions. Reality is fully material and objective; it is not created or shaped by consciousness in any way 2. For instance, the government is forbidden to seize the property of innocent people (e.g., eminent domain), to forcibly redistribute wealth (e.g., welfare), to dictate the terms of private contracts (e.g., minimum wage and antitrust laws), to restrict freedom of speech (e.g., campaign finance “reform”), to mandate motherhood (e.g., antiabortion laws), to block scientific advancement (e.g., embryonic stem-cell research), to force citizens to fund religious organizations (e.g., faith-based initiatives), and to mandate “community” or “national” service (e.g., mandatory “volunteerism”). That was America’s implicit moral code, but it had not been formulated explicitly. Observe these atrocities, then ask yourself whether any of it would be possible if men had not accepted the idea that man is a sacrificial animal to be immolated for the sake of the “public good.” Read the speeches of those countries’ political leaders and ask yourself what arguments would be left to them if the word “sacrifice” were regarded not as a moral ideal, but as the anti-human evil which it is. This enables people to examine the idea as a physical reality and thus to better understand what it means in practice. Ayn Rand created and defined her philosophy, Objectivism, in the pages of her best-selling novels, particularly, What is morality? As to the alleged existence of a “supernatural” being who creates and controls reality, no evidence or rational argument supports such a thing. I recommend this to those who may not yet know what they believe in. “You can’t eat your cake and have it, too.” 3. This principle is not a matter of personal opinion or social convention or “divine revelation”; it is a matter of the factual requirements of human life in a social context. There is no reason to act in a self-sacrificial manner, which is why no one has ever provided one. Objectivism holds that man has free will—the ability to think or not to think, to use reason or not to use it, to go by facts or to go by feelings. Moral objectivism. Objectivism holds that there is no greater moral goal than achieving one's happiness. Rand presented her philosophy in her many fiction and nonfiction books, such as The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged, Philosophy: Who Needs It, The Virtue of Selfishness, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, and The Romantic Manifesto. Evidence-free assertions, appeals to tradition, and appeals to authority are not rational arguments; they are textbook logical fallacies. Objectivism endorses several different ideals. This is not the province of buffoonery; it is the province of genius—and should be recognized and guarded as such. Today, some thirty six years after her death there are two versions of Objectivism. The "Basic Principles of Objectivism" is Nathaniel Branden's original 20-lecture presentation of the basic principles of Objectivism -- the philosophy originated by novelist/philosopher Ayn Rand -- newly remastered onto 28 CDs. Thus, Objectivism rejects the idea that art is whatever any self-proclaimed or allegedly “accomplished” artist happens to slap together or place in a gallery. My philosophy, Objectivism, holds that: 1. Man clearly can acquire knowledge, has done so, and continues to do so; this is evident in the fact that he has accomplished all that he has. If people want to know what is true or good or right, they must observe reality and use logic. This item will ship to United States, but … Existence just exists—and everything in it is something specific; everything is what it is and can act only in accordance with its identity. In this way, art provides spiritual guidance and fuel for living and achieving one’s goals. Reality is, and in the quest to live we must discover reality’s nature and learn to act successfully in it. “Give me liberty or give me death.”. The sole purpose of the government in such a system is to protect the individual rights of its citizens by means of the police (to deal with domestic criminals), the military (to deal with foreign aggressors), and the courts of law (to adjudicate disputes). Objectivism obviously failed to accomplish that mission and today has become a major contributor to that corruption. Facts are facts, independent of any consciousness. For instance, if a volunteer social worker gives away his time and effort in exchange for nothing at all, he is being moral. LOGICAL STRUCTURE OF OBJECTIVISM. The political expression of altruism is collectivism or statism, which holds that man’s life and work belong to the state — to society, to the group, the gang, the race, the nation — and that the state may dispose of him in any way it pleases for the sake of whatever it deems to be its own tribal, collective good. This is why rational parents encourage their children to think before they act, to recognize that choices have consequences beyond the immediate moment, to learn and embrace the long-range requirements of human life and happiness. Rand first expressed Objectivism in her fiction, most notably The Fountainhead (1943) and Atlas Shrugged (1957), and later in non-fiction essays and books. It … Objectivism equally rejects skepticism—the idea that knowledge is impossible, that it cannot be acquired by any means. In the winter and spring of 1958, I gave the first course of lectures entitled “The Basic Principles of Objectivism” which, although I did not fully realize it at the time, was to launch the Objectivist movement. I’m director of education at OSI, and I’m writing to ask for your support in … Like every legitimate value, a work of art—whether a painting, sculpture, novel, movie, or symphony—is a value precisely to the extent that it serves some requirement of a rational being’s life. Of course, life requires that people regularly forgo lesser values for the sake of greater ones; however, these are gains, not sacrifices. In a word, Objectivism holds that being moral consists in being rationally selfish or egoistic. Although the government holds a monopoly on the legal use of force, it is constitutionally forbidden to use initiatory force in any way whatsoever—and constitutionally required to use retaliatory force as necessary to protect the rights of its citizens. Faith is faith (i.e., the acceptance of ideas in the absence of evidence); it leads to baseless beliefs; it cannot provide knowledge. The absolutist believes that there are non-over rideable moral principles that one out to never violate. Contrary to conservatism, “liberalism,” and libertarianism, the politics of freedom depends on the ethics of egoism—which depends on the philosophy of reason—which is grounded in the basic nature of reality: the fact that things (including human beings) are what they are and can act (and live) only in accordance with their identities. It is a system where men deal with one another, not as victims and executioners, nor as masters and slaves, but as traders, by free, voluntary exchange to mutual benefit. To willfully become a parasite on the minds, efforts, and bodies of other people—to deliberately reduce oneself to the status of a subhuman creature—is the most selfless thing a person can do. Thomas Aquina's, objectivism and absolutism. The Basic Principles of Objectivism Lecture 16: Common Fallacies About Capitalism + $3.50; The Basic Principles of Objectivism Lecture 17: Romanticism Naturalism and The Novels of … Noting the impossibility of validating a philosophy’s key positions in a brief oral presentation, Rand urges interested listeners to consult her written works, particularly Atlas Shrugged. Egoism calls for the first; altruism calls for the second. Insofar as a person does not choose to use reason, he is unable to identify or pursue these requirements; he either dies or survives parasitically on the minds of those who do choose to use reason. Thus, Objectivism rejects all forms of mysticism—the idea that knowledge can be acquired by non-sensory, nonrational means (such as faith, intuition, ESP, or any other form of “just knowing”). At a sales conference at Random House, preceding the publication of Atlas Shrugged, one of the book salesmen asked me whether I could present the essence of my philosophy while standing on one foot. On this view, a software developer who trades his product with others for a profit is thereby being moral. Capitalism and altruism are incompatible; they cannot coexist in the same man or in the same society. It is widely believed today that our moral, cultural, and political alternatives are limited either to the ideas of the secular, relativistic left—or to those of the religious, absolutist right—or to some compromised mixture of the two. Moreover, neither I nor anyone else­—other than Rand—can speak for Objectivism; the philosophy is precisely the body of philosophical principles set forth in her works. Objectivism also rejects the idea that predation—the sacrificing of others for one’s own alleged benefit—can promote one’s life and happiness. login, 3. Rand originally expressed her philosophical ideas in her novels, most notably, The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged. Reality is not to be rewritten or escaped, but, solemnly and proudly, faced." A rose is a rose; it can bloom; it cannot speak. 5 out of 5 stars. Egoism is the morality of non-sacrifice; it rejects all forms of human sacrifice—both self-sacrifice and the sacrifice of others—as a matter of principle. So says altruism. For the sake of example here, let us isolate a particular aspect of a work of art: its subject matter. But to hold them with total consistency — to understand, to define, to prove, and to apply them — requires volumes of thought. Rand also examines the moral principle of altruism and the threat it poses to America’s founding principles. In a rational, capitalist society, artists are fully free to think and to create as they see fit; nothing stands in their way; the right to freedom of expression is recognized as an absolute. If accepted and practiced inconsistently—well, there is no reason to be inconsistent here. Rational egoism, the centerpiece of Objectivism, holds that each individual should act in his own best interest and is the proper beneficiary of his own moral action. This principle is the recognition of the fact that giving up the requirements of one’s life and happiness is inimical to one’s life and happiness. A sacrifice is the giving up of something that is more important to one’s life and happiness for the sake of something that is less important to one’s life and happiness; thus, it results in a net loss. Thus, Objectivist metaphysics is confined to an Ontology. If people want to live and be happy, they must neither sacrifice themselves nor sacrifice others; rather, they must pursue life-serving values and respect the rights of others to do the same. It maintains that if it is done properly, and practiced by everyone, the entire world could be a better place. Man has free will, and this fact is what gives rise to his need of morality: a code of values to guide his choices and actions. This is because Objectivists are radicals for reason—the foundation of which is: reality. The main ideas of objectivism are: 1. Objectivism also rejects the idea that man has no nature at all (i.e., the twisted, modern interpretation of man as a “blank slate”), making his character the consequence of social forces, such as upbringing or economic conditions. A collection of thirty-two essays on philosophy, culture and politics containing some of Ayn Rand’s most trenchant commentary on such issues as religion, objectivity, sex, abortion, foreign policy and the mixed economy. It is the only system that respects and protects individual rights as a matter of unwavering principle. Rand held that all people, whether they realize it or not, are guided in their thoughts and actions by philosophical principles and assumptions. In any case, reason is man’s basic means of survival, and free will—the choice to use reason or not—is the essence of his nature. Buy The Book: The Voice of Reason: Essays in Objectivist Thought. Today, the conflict has reached its ultimate climax; the choice is clear-cut: either a new morality of rational self-interest, with its consequences of freedom, justice, progress and man’s happiness on earth — or the primordial morality of altruism, with its consequences of slavery, brute force, stagnant terror, and sacrificial furnaces.” [For the New Intellectual]. In other words, one’s ideas are supposedly either extremely “liberal” or extremely “conservative” or somewhere in between. Egoism upholds the principle of non-sacrifice—the idea that one should never surrender a greater value for the sake of a lesser value. Altruism cannot be practiced consistently. Short Introduction to Philosophy and Objectivism Objectivism is the philosophy developed by the author/philosopher Ayn Rand and dramatized in her novels, such as The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged. A person does not have to use reason; the choice is his to make. The destroyer is the morality of altruism. The standard of value according to hedonism is pleasure or feelings. Thus, Objectivism rejects the morality of altruism—the idea that being moral consists in self-sacrificially serving others (whether the poor, the “common good,” “mother nature,” or “God”). My philosophy, Objectivism, holds that: 1. Genuine happiness comes from identifying and pursuing the long-range material and spiritual requirements of one’s life as set by one’s nature. Such things are not “bad” art; they are not art at all. Art is not the emotional spewing of irrational impulses, but the selective recreation of reality. In 1962, the Los Angeles Times invited Ayn Rand to write a syndicated column on her philosophy’s application to current events. Objectivism is a philosophical system developed and named by author Ayn Rand. Let us turn now to art, which, according to Objectivism, like ethics and politics, rests on a rational, objective foundation and serves a specific life-promoting purpose. Although there is plenty of room for different tastes within the range of genuine art, there are also within that range objectively better and worse works of art—better and worse by the standards of rationality and man’s spiritual needs. The Role of Philosophy. Ayn Rand’s philosophy, Objectivism, begins by embracing the basic fact that existence exists. Capitalism—not the mongrel system of the United States today, but genuine capitalism—is the only social system that consistently prohibits anyone, including the government, from assaulting people or stealing their property. Politically, Objectivism advocates pure, laissez-faire capitalism—the social system of individual rights and strictly limited government—along with the whole moral and philosophical structure on which it depends. 2. Obj… In answer to this need, egoism provides a whole system of integrated, noncontradictory principles, the sole purpose of which is to teach man how to live and enjoy himself. For guidance in understanding and achieving these highly complex needs, whereas egoism provides an entire system of rational explanations and principles, hedonism says: Pay no attention to your nature or needs; do whatever gives you pleasure; do whatever you feel like doing. Rand’s radio recitation of her inaugural column is also the core of an ARI Campus lesson, “Introducing Objectivism,” which offers visual supplements in the form of outlines, diagrams, historical photographs and manuscript pages. Being moral consists in taking the actions necessary to sustain and further one’s life—actions such as thinking rationally and planning for the future, being honest and having integrity, producing goods or services and trading them with others, judging people rationally (according to the relevant facts) and treating them accordingly, and so on. A collaboration between David Kelley and William R Thomas, The Logical Structure of Objectivism traces out the logical connections among the various principles of Objectivism. Good art—like everything else on which human life and happiness depend—is a product of rational thought and creative effort. What we call applied objectivism was, for Ayn Rand, simply the objective application of objectivist ethical and political principles. Liberty cannot even be defined, let alone defended, apart from answers to questions such as: What is the nature of reality? If they want to receive goods or services from others, they may offer to exchange value for value to mutual benefit; however, they may not seek to gain any value from others by means of physical force. A principle is “a fundamental, primary, or general truth, on which other truths depend.” Thus a principle is an abstraction which subsumes a great number of concretes. A person who refuses to use reason cannot live and flourish. A moral principle “is a type of scientific principle, identifying the relationship to man’s survival of … Classic audio program by Ayn Rand's close associate Nathaniel Branden (1930 - 2014) Lecture 1. This is what Jesus did. Objectivism is based on Aristotelian logic, which is based on the principle of identity. Altruism, contrary to widespread misconception, is not the morality of “being nice to people” or “doing things for others”; rather, it is the morality of self-sacrifice—that is, of serving others at the expense of one’s own life-serving values. In advocating laissez-faire capitalism, Objectivism opposes the politics of conservatism—such as the notion that we are our “brothers’ keepers” and therefore must sacrificially serve strangers (e.g., Republican welfare programs); the notion that successful businessmen should be regulated (i.e., coerced) “at least to some extent” for the sake of the “little guy” (as if the so-called little guy cannot succeed in life by his own rational thinking); the notion that students in government-run schools should be indoctrinated with “intelligent design” theory or required to pray; the notion that scientists should be forbidden to engage in embryonic stem-cell research while men, women, and children suffer from agonizing diseases that might otherwise be cured (“We mustn’t play God”)—and that those suffering from such diseases should be forced to “live” when they desperately want to die (“We mustn’t play God”); the notion that homosexuals should be prohibited from experiencing the joy of sex (“God disapproves”); and the notion that America’s military should sacrificially spread “freedom” (“God’s gift to mankind”), much less “democracy” (i.e., unlimited majority rule) to savages rather than selfishly and swiftly destroy America’s major enemies (“Love your enemies”). The standard of value according to altruism is self-sacrifice. All rights reserved. You've heard the expression "mind over matter" before. In my judgment, Kelley’s paper is a repudiation of the fundamental principles of Objectivism. The politics of freedom is the politics of self-interest; it cannot be defended with the ethics of self-sacrifice—or with a philosophy of unreason, unreality, or “super-nature”—or with no philosophy at all. Chapter 1 of this work is dedicated to the Objectivist view of knowledge The government acts only as a policeman that protects man’s rights; it uses physical force only in retaliation and only against those who initiate its use, such as criminals or foreign invaders. Ayn Rand’s philosophy, Objectivism, rejects this false alternative and offers an entirely different view of the world. Nor can human sacrifice promote human life or happiness; it can lead only to suffering and death. They need moral principles that are conducive to the goal of living fully and happily. This is prob… There is a great deal to Objectivism, much more than can be addressed in a book, let alone an essay. Altruism is not good for one’s life. Reality just is. If accepted and practiced consistently, it leads to a life of happiness. What is man’s means of knowledge? Moral absolutism. So, I heard of this book by Nathaniel Branden. Reason (the faculty which identifies and integrates the material provided by man’s senses) is man’s only means of perceiving reality, his only source of knowledge, his only guide to action, and his basic means of survival. Objectivism holds that art is a requirement of human life and happiness. What is the nature of the good? But one cannot achieve happiness by wish or whim. Objectivism and Education: A Response to David Elkind’s ‘The Problem with Constructivism’ by Jamin Carson Abstract This paper responds to David Elkind’s article “The Problem with Constructivism,” published in the Summer 2004 issue of The Educa-tional Forum . If you held these concepts with total consistency, as the base of your convictions, you would have a full philosophy to guide the course of your life. It is a system where no man may obtain any values from others by resorting to physical force, and no man may initiate the use of physical force against others. This is the basic principle of rational egoism—and the moral foundation for a proper social system. Whatever an individual’s choice, however, the fact remains that man is the rational animal; reason is his only means of knowledge and therefore his basic means of survival. Her first weekly column, published June 17, 1962, introduces readers to Objectivism’s positions on the nature of reality, the efficacy of human reason, the nature of man, and the ideal political system. To see the origin of these principles in Rand’s fiction, read The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged. In other words, capitalism is the only system that institutionalizes the requirements of human life in a social context. Ultimately, however, in a rational society, the evasions and assertions of predators are of little concern to good people. Objectivists are not conservatives, but, as Rand put it, “radicals for capitalism” (i.e., advocates of its root or foundation). Objectively speaking, two such paintings do not have “equal” value; they do not “equally” serve the purpose of art; and they are not “equally” enjoyed by rational people. Not so says egoism. Human knowledge—all human knowledge—is a product of perceptual observation and logical inference therefrom. There is a black-and-white difference between trading values for gains and giving up values for nothing. The name “Objectivism” derives from the idea that human knowledge and values are objective: they exist and are determined by the nature of reality, t… To say, as libertarians do, that the “non-initiation-of-force principle” is an “axiom” or that liberty can be defended on any old philosophical base—whether Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, atheist, altruist, egoistic, subjectivist, relativist, postmodernist—or on no base at all—is simply absurd. Reason (the faculty which identifies and integrates the material provided by man’s senses) is man’s only means of... 3. In the realm of politics, Objectivism recognizes that in order to take life-promoting action, a person must be free to do so; he must be free to act on the judgment of his mind, his basic means of living. Likewise, the accepted ideas or norms of a society or culture have no effect on the nature of reality; they either comport with the facts of reality, or they do not. The government is also required to summarily dispose of foreign aggressors who initiate or threaten to initiate force against its citizens or their interests. If people want to live and be happy, only one of these moralities will do. Objectivists are not “liberals,” but absolutists for freedom. Capitalism—which, contrary to widespread miseducation, is not merely an economic system—is the social system of individual rights, including property rights, protected by a strictly limited government. Happiness is the state of mind that follows from the successful pursuit of rational, life-serving values. It requires living by objective principles, including moral integrity and respect for the rights of others. Morally, Objectivism advocates the virtues of rational self-interest—virtues such as independent thinking, productiveness, justice, honesty, and self-responsibility. Objectivism, philosophical system identified with the thought of the 20th-century Russian-born American writer Ayn Rand and popularized mainly through her commercially successful novels The Fountainhead (1943) and Atlas Shrugged (1957). The key principle of the Objectivist ethics is rationality, as against mysticism and whim. Objectivism equally opposes the politics of so-called liberalism—such as the notion that people have a “right” to be given goods or services (which obviously requires that someone be forced to provide them); the notion that government agencies, private businesses, and schools should be required to implement racist policies, such as “affirmative action” and “diversity training”; the notion that students in government-run schools should be indoctrinated with the relativism known as “multiculturalism” or the religion known as “environmentalism”; the notion that people should be forced to fund ideas or art of which they disapprove (e.g., via “public” radio or “public” grants); and the notion that America has no right to “interfere with” or “impose Western values on” (let alone destroy) regimes that are responsible for the slaughter of Americans. ; thus, if man ’ s life these, either profit, he is currently working on his book. 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