Production is difficult because vetch vines will pull down all but the strongest stalks. In wheat, a variety of herbicides are available, depending on crop growth stage. 4. Overseeding into ripening corn (40 lb./A) or seeding at layby has not worked as consistently. Use a moderate seeding rate of 10-20 lb./A to keep the stand from getting too rank. Completing harvest by mid- September allows the field to be immediately reseeded to hairy vetch. Keeping vetch residue on the surface favors weed suppression, moisture retention, and insect habitat, but may reduce N contribution. “We really like to use hairy vetch on our farm, for example, because it’s a great source of nitrogen and is a very suitable crop to plant corn into. available N/A by mid-May. After a corn crop that can utilize the vetch-produced N, you could establish a hay or pasture crop for several years. Dry conditions often reduce germination of hairy vetch. Mulch-retaining options include strip-tilling or strip chemical desiccation (leaving vetch untreated between the strips), mechanical killing (rotary mowing, flailing, cutting, sub-soil shearing with an undercutter, or chopping/flattening with a roller/crimper) or broadcast herbicide application. A series of trials in Maryland showed a different mix of conditions. Some Zone 5 Midwestern farmers with access to low-cost seed plant vetch after winter grain harvest in midsummer to produce whatever N it can until it winterkills or survives to regrow in spring. The original 10-foot, 6-inch roller width is equal to 4 rows on 30-inch spacing, with a 3-inch overlap on each end. Tendrils form on the ends of the leaves. The vetch-corn system maintained its economic advantage when the cost of vetch was projected at maximum historic levels, fertilizer N price was decreased, and the herbicide cost to control future volunteer vetch was factored in (173). MADISON—developed in Nebraska — tolerates cold better than other varieties. Farmers in the Northeast’s warmer areas plant vetch by mid-September to net 100 lb. “In addition, with the twisted blade design, only a very small portion of the blade touches the ground at any one time as it turns, so the full pressure of the roller is applied 1 inch at a time. © University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, UGA College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences. Vetches are usually seeded in combination with a small grain and/or ryegrass on a prepared seedbed for winter grazing or silage. Cover crop. Vetch is a succulent crop, with a relatively “low” carbon to nitrogen ratio. From refining his own research and on-farm tests in the mid-Atlantic region for several years, Aref Abdul-Baki, formerly of the USDA ’s Beltsville (Md.) Common vetches are an annual pasture/forage/grain legume, extremely palatable at all growth stages, from early green shoots, as dry matter/hay or silage through to seedpods and seeds over summer. Plant vetch 30 to 45 days before killing frost for winter annual management; in early spring for summer growth; or in July if you want to kill or incorporate it in fall or for a winter-killed mulch. Usually, N contribution will be maximized by early bloom (10-25 percent) stage. Vicia americana. Harvesting seed. In Minnesota, vetch can be interseeded into sunflower or corn at last cultivation. Adding 10-12 lb./A of crimson clover will aid in weed suppression and N value. Common vetch (Vicia sativa) is a trailing winter annual weed that forms large mats of vegetation. —Ron Ross. Cultivars. Waiting for vetch to bloom in spring before killing it and the tight fall turnaround may make this system less useful in areas with a shorter growing season than this Zone 7, mid-Atlantic site. 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